ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To es tablish the HPLC fingerprint of Arnebia euchroma ，analyze them with chemical pattern recognition technology ， and determine the contents of 3 components. METHODS ： HPLC method was adopted. Using acetylshikonin as reference ，HPLC fingerprint of 34 batches of A. euchroma from different sources were drawn. Similarity Evaluation System for TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012A edition ）was used to evaluate the similarity of the samples ，and common peaks were determined. SPSS 19.0 and SIMCA 14.1 statistical software was used for cluster analysis ，principle component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminate analysis. According to the standard of the variable importance in the project greater than 1，the differential markers affecting the quality difference of A. euchroma were screened. Meanwhile ，the contents of 3 components were determined by the same HPLC method. RESULTS ：There were 12 common peaks in HPLC fingerprints for 34 batches of A. euchroma . The similarity of other samples were more than 0.86，except that t he three （No.2016A3005-5） batches of medicinal herbs on the market were less than 0.72；3 common peaks were identified ， such as shikonin ，acetylshikonin， β ，β ′-dimethylacrylic acanine. These 34 batches of samples could be classified into two categories . S 1， qq.com S4-S6，S13，S15-S20，S22，S26-S34 were clustered into one category，and others clustered into the other category. By principal component analysis ，the contribution rates of three principle components were 52.834％ ，18.600％ and 8.387％ . Accumulative contribution rate was 79.821％ . Six constituents，such as shikonin，acetylshikonin and β，β'-dimethylacrylic acanine were screened as differential markers，representing the major differences of A. euchroma . The linear range of above three components were 0.72-90，2.05-410，2.50-500 µg/mL（r all more than 0.999）， respectively. The limits of quantification were 0.132，0.135，0.118 µg/mL，respectively. The limits of detection were 0.040，0.041， 0.036 µg/mL，respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability（24 h），reproducibility and durability tests were all lower than 3％. Recoveries were 95.959％-100.201％（RSD＝1.669％，n＝6），97.818％-102.698％（RSD＝1.788％，n＝6），95.831％-99.344％ （RSD＝1.600％，n＝6）. The contents of above three components were 0.002％-0.134％，0.025％-1.388％，0.022％-0.881％. CONCLUSIONS：Established HPLC fingerprint and content determination method are simple and stable ，can be used for quality evaluation and quantitative analysis of A. euchroma . Shikonin ，acetylshikonin and β，β'-dimethylacrylic acanine are different in the content and are differential markers of A. euchroma from different source.
ABSTRACT
Research on innate lymphoid cells (ILC) has recently been a fast paced topic of immunological research. As ILCs are able to produce signature Th cytokine, ILCs have garnered considerable attention and have been described to represent the innate counterpart of the CD4 T helper (Th) cells. The development and function of ILCs are precisely regulated by a network of crucial transcription factors, which are also involved in the development or differentiation of conventional natural killer (cNK) cells and T cells. In this review, we will summarize the key transcriptional regulators and their functions through each phases of ILC development. With the phase of ILC lineage commitment, we will focus in particular on the roles of the transcription regulators Id2 and GATA-3, which in collaboration with other transcriptional factors, are critically involved in the generation of ILC fate determined progenitors. Once an ILC lineage has been established, several other transcription factors are required for the specification and functional regulation of distinct mature ILC subsets. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the interactions and regulatory mechanisms mediated by these transcription factors will help us to further understand how ILCs exert their helper-like functions and bridge the innate and adaptive immunity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , GATA3 Transcription Factor , Allergy and Immunology , Immunity, Innate , Physiology , Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2 , Allergy and Immunology , Killer Cells, Natural , Allergy and Immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of duloxetine, escitalopram oxalate and mirtazapine in the treatment of depression. Methods:Totally 120 cases of patients were randomly divided into three group. Group A was given duloxetine 40mg twice a day, group B was with escitalopram oxalate at the initial dose of 10mg per day, and up to 20mg per day in 2 weeks, and group C was treated with mirtazapine 30mg per day. The treatment course was eight weeks. At the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 8th weekends after the treatment, Hamilton depression scale ( HAMD) was used to evaluate the total effective rate, and treatment emergent symptom scale ( TESS) was applied to assess the adverse drug reactions. Results:The total effective rate of group A, B and C was 87. 5%,90% and 92. 5% with the cost of 23 822. 22 yuan,33 866. 02 yuan and 19 586. 62 yuan, respectively. The cost-effectiveness ratio respectively was 27 225, 37 629 and 21 175. The incidence of adverse reactions respectively was 30%, 30% and 17. 5%. Conclusion:The cost-effectiveness of mirtazapine is the lowest in the treatment of depression, which can be considered as the best treatment regimen.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the life quality and their influence factors in cleft lip and palate parents and to provide evidences for improving the life quality of the parents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and forty-three parents whose children accepted the primary surgery of cleft lip and palate were selected as the case group, and 109 normal adults as the control group. Both groups were investigated by 3 questionnaires that included questionnaire of general status, generic quality of life inventory-74 (GQOLI-74), social support rating scale (SSRS). The results of two groups were analyzed and the influence factors on life quality were studied by stepwise multiple regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1)The scores of the life quality, mental function, social function, material life in the case group were significantly low compared with the control group(P<0.05). 2)The social support total scores, subjective support and utilization of social support were lower than the control group(P<0.05). 3)Social support, objective support, subjective support positively correlated with life quality scores and every dimension score in the case group. 4)The relevant factors affecting life quality were social support and income.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The life quality and social support of cleft lip and palate patients is poor, we should give more support and help to improve their life quality.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Cleft Lip , Cleft Palate , Parents , Quality of Life , Social Adjustment , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between rs142167, rs7216231 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Wnt3 and nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCL/P) in Hui and Han population of Ningxia Autonomous Region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study consisted of 371 NSCL/P patients from Ningxia Hui and Han population (Han population 166, Hui population 205), their parents (196 fathers, 224 mothers, 150 trios) and 258 normal controls (Han population 190, Hui population 68). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) was used to identify rs142167, rs7216231 genotypes of the samples. The data was analyzed by case-control analysis, transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and family based associated test (FBAT).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Case-control study showed that no differences in cleft lip, cleft palate, cleft lip and palate, and the total case group compared with the control group at rs142167 and rs7216231 (P > 0.05) in Hui and Han population and in stratified comparison. TDT test showed that rs142167 and rs7216231's allele had not over-transmitted (P > 0.05) in NSCL/P. FBAT test showed that G-G specific haplotypes showed statistically significant (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Wnt3 gene polymorphism is not relevant with NSCL/ P in Ningxia Hui and Han population.</p>